Command line options¶
The command line for invoking kdb+ has the form:
q [file] [-option [parameters] … ]
Options -b blocked -q quiet mode -c console size -r replicate -C HTTP size -s secondary threads -e error traps -S random seed -E TLS Server Mode -t timer ticks -g garbage collection -T timeout -l log updates -u disable syscmds -L log sync -u usr-pwd local -m memory domain -U usr-pwd -o UTC offset -w workspace -p listening port -W start week -P display precision -z date format
.z.x (argv),
.z.X (raw command line)
file¶
This is either the script to load (*.q, *.k, *.s), or a file or a directory.
$ q sp.q
KDB+ 3.5t 2017.02.28 Copyright (C) 1993-2017 Kx Systems
m32/ 4()core 8192MB sjt mint.local 192.168.0.39 NONEXPIRE+`p`city!(`p$`p1`p2`p3`p4`p5`p6`p1`p2;`london`london`london`london`london`lon..
(`s#+(,`color)!,`s#`blue`green`red)!+(,`qty)!,900 1000 1200
+`s`p`qty!(`s$`s1`s1`s1`s2`s3`s4;`p$`p1`p4`p6`p2`p2`p4;300 200 100 400 200 300)
q)Operating systems may create hidden files, such as .DS_Store, that block loading of a directory.
-b (blocked)¶
-bBlock write-access to a kdb+ database, for any handle context (.z.w) other than 0.
~/q$ q -bq)aa:([]bb:til 4)
q)\p 5001
q)and in another task
q)h:hopen 5001
q)h"count aa"
4
q)h"aa:10#aa"
'noupdate
q)Use \_ to check if client write-access is blocked:
~/q$ q -b
..
q)\_
1-c (console size)¶
-c r cSet console maximum rows and columns, default 25 80.
\c system command for detail
-C (HTTP size)¶
-C r cSet HTTP display maximum rows and columns.
\C system command for detail
-e (error traps)¶
-e [0|1|2]Sets error-trapping mode. The default is 0 (off).
\e system command for detail
-E (TLS Server Mode)¶
-E 0 / plain
-E 1 / plain & TLS
-E 2 / TLS onlySince V3.4.
-g (garbage collection)¶
-g 0 / deferred (default)
-g 1 / immediateSets garbage-collection mode.
\g system command for detail
-l (log updates)¶
-lLog updates to filesystem.
-L (log sync)¶
-LAs -l, but sync logging.
-m (memory-domain)¶
-m pathMemory can be backed by a filesystem, allowing use of DAX-enabled filesystems (e.g. AppDirect) as a non-persistent memory extension for kdb+.
This command-line option directs kdb+ to use the filesystem path specified as a separate memory domain. This splits every thread’s heap into two:
domain description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 regular anonymous memory, active and used for all allocs by default
1 filesystem-backed memoryThe .m namespace is reserved for objects in memory domain 1, however names from other namespaces can reference them too, e.g. a:.m.a:1 2 3
-o (UTC offset)¶
-o NSets local time offset as N hours from UTC, or minutes if abs[N]>23
(Affects .z.Z)
\o system command for detail
-p (listening port)¶
Set listening port
-p [rp,][hostname:](portnumber|servicename)See Listening port for detail.
hopen
\p system command
Multithreaded input mode,
Changes in 3.5
Socket sharding with kdb+ and Linux
-P (display precision)¶
-P NDisplay precision for floating-point numbers, i.e. the number of digits shown.
\P system command for detail
-q (quiet mode)¶
-qQuiet, i.e. no startup banner text or session prompts. Typically used where no console is required.
~/q$ q
KDB+ 3.5t 2017.02.28 Copyright (C) 1993-2017 Kx Systems
…q)2+2
4
q)and with -q
~/q$ q -q2+2
4
.z.q (quiet mode)
-r (replicate)¶
-r :host:port[:user[:password]]Replicate from :host:port.
-s (secondary threads)¶
-s NNumber of secondary threads or processes available for parallel processing.
\s system command for detail
-S (random seed)¶
-S NSets N as value of random seed.
\S system command for detail
Roll, Deal
-t (timer ticks)¶
-t NPeriod in milliseconds between timer ticks. Default is 0, for no timer.
\t system command for detail
-T (timeout)¶
-T NTimeout in seconds for client queries, i.e. maximum time a client call will execute. Default is 0, for no timeout.
\T system command for detail
-u (disable syscmds)¶
-u (usr-pwd local)¶
-U (usr-pwd)¶
-u 1 / blocks system functions and file access
-U file / sets password file, blocks \x
-u file / both the above-u 1 disables
- system commands from a remote (signals
'access), including exit via"\\" -
access to files outside the current directory for any handle context (
.z.w) other than 0 -
the
exitkeyword (since V4.1.t 2021-07-12)
Only a simple protection against “wrong” queries
For example, setting a system command in .z.ts and starting the timer still works. The right system command could for example expose a terminal, so the user running the database could be fully impersonated and compromised from then on.
-U file
- sets a password file
- disables
\x(even on the local console)
The password file is a text file with one credential on each line. (No trailing blank line/s.)
user1:password1
user2:password2The password can be
- plain text
- an MD5 hash of the password
- an SHA-1 hash of the password (since V4.0 2020.03.17)
q)raze string md5 "this is my password"
"210d53992dff432ec1b1a9698af9da16"
q)raze string -33!"mypassword" / -33! calculates sha1
"91dfd9ddb4198affc5c194cd8ce6d338fde470e2"
Internal function -33!
-u file combines the above, i.e. -u file is equivalent to -u 1 -U file.
-w (workspace)¶
-w NWorkspace limit in MB for the heap per thread. Default is 0: no limit.
\w system command for detail
.Q.w
Domain-local Since V4.0 2020.03.17 this command is no longer thread-local, but memory domain-local: it sets the limit for domain 0.
Other ways to limit resources
On Linux systems, administrators might prefer cgroups as a way of limiting resources.
On Unix systems, memory usage can be constrained using ulimit, e.g.
ulimit -v 262144limits virtual address space to 256MB.
-W (start week)¶
-W NSet the start-of-week offset, where 0 is Saturday. The default is 2, i.e Monday.
\W system command for detail
-z (date format)¶
-z [0|1]Set the format for "D"$ date parsing: 0 for mm/dd/yyyy and 1 for dd/mm/yyyy.
xkcd.com