Miscellaneous¶
tc:('[til;count]) / {til count x}
Amend¶
Zero items of x not flagged by y¶
q)x:3 7 15 1 292
q)y:1 0 1 1 0
q)@[x;where not y;:;0]
3 0 15 1 0
q)@[`x;where not y;:;0]
`x
q)x
3 0 15 1 0
Using indexes is efficient, especially where amending in place a table column on disk.
In less demanding contexts, we remember truth values are expressed as flags.
q)x*y
3 0 15 1 0
Zero items of x in y¶
q)show x:6?5
4 0 2 1 2 1
q)show y:5?7
2 3 2 5 4
q)y in x
10101b
q)@[y;where y in x;:;0]
0 3 0 5 0
Or.
q)y*not y in x
0 3 0 5 0
Zero items of x not in y¶
q)x: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
q)y:2 3 5 7 11
q)x in y
1101010001b
q)x*x in y
2 3 0 5 0 7 0 0 0 11
Replace items of y flagged by x with 1¶
q)y:10 5 7 12 20.0
q)x:0 1 0 1 1
q)@[y;where x;:;1.] /note that 1. --otherwise 'type as 9h=type y
10 1 7 1 1f
q)y xexp not x
10 1 7 1 1f
Or in place:
q)@[`y;where x;:;1.]
`y
q)y
q)y:10 5 7 12 20.0
q)y[where x]:1.
q)y
10 1 7 1 1f
Replace items of y flagged by x with g¶
q)x:1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
q)y:"abcdefghij"
q)g:" "
q)@[y;where x;:;g]
" bcd f i "
Or in place:
q)@[`y;where x;:;g]
`y
q)y
" bcd f i "
q)y:"abcdefghij"
q)y[where x]:" "
q)y
" bcd f i "
Replace items of x with value y[0] with y[1]¶
q)x:"ddaeecadbbcbedc"
q)y:"d "
q)@[x;where x=y 0;:;y 1]
" aeeca bbcbe c"
q)x
"ddaeecadbbcbedc"
q)@[`x;where x=y 0;:;y 1]
`x
q)x
" aeeca bbcbe c"
q)x:"ddaeecadbbcbedc"
q)x[where x=y 0]:y 1
q)x
" aeeca bbcbe c"
Replace first item of x with y¶
q)x:"abbccdefcdab"
q)y:"t"
q)@[x;0;:;y]
"tbbccdefcdab"
Or.
q)y,1_ x
"tbbccdefcdab"
Or in place.
q)@[`x;0;:;y]
`x
q)x
"tbbccdefcdab"
q)x:"abbccdefcdab"
q)x[0]:y
q)x
"tbbccdefcdab"
Replace last item of x with y¶
q)x:"abbccdefcdab"
q)y:"t"
q)@[x;-1+count x;:;y]
"abbccdefcdat"
Or.
q)(-1_ x),y
"abbccdefcdat"
Or in place.
q)@[`x;count[x]-1;:;y]
`x
q)x
"abbccdefcdat"
q)x:"abbccdefcdab"
q)x[count[x]-1]:y
q)x
"abbccdefcdat"
Limiting x between l and h, inclusive¶
q)show x:5 6#30?100
12 10 1 90 73 90
43 90 84 63 93 54
38 97 88 58 68 45
2 39 64 49 82 40
88 77 30 17 23 12
q)l:30
q)h:70
q)l|h&x
30 30 30 70 70 70
43 70 70 63 70 54
38 70 70 58 68 45
30 39 64 49 70 40
70 70 30 30 30 30
Change sign of y where x is 1¶
q)show y:1+til 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
q)x:0 1 0 1 1 0
q)y*1 -1 x
1 -2 3 -4 -5 6
Apply f over all of x¶
q)show m:2 3 4#1+til 24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
q)((+)over)over m
300
q)(+//)m
300
q)ao:{[f;x](f//)x}
q)ao[+;m]
300
q)ao[*;m*1.0]
6.204484e+23
q)ao[+;neg m]
-300
Arithmetic precision of system in decimals¶
q)10 xlog 3
0.4771213
q)/ set maximum precision
q)\P 0
q)10 xlog 3
0.47712125471966244
q)string 10 xlog 3
"0.47712125471966244"
q)reverse[string 10 xlog 3]?"."
17
Avoid parentheses using reverse¶
q)x:1 2 3 4 5
q)(count x),1
5 1
q)reverse 1,count x
5 1
Count¶
Count occurrences of x in y¶
q)show y:3+7?6
6 4 7 7 6 6 4
q)x:7
q)sum x=y
2
q)x:"q"
q)y:"quaquaqua"
q)sum x=y
3
Or.
q)y:"quackadoodledo"
q)x:"qua"
q)x=\:y
10000000000000b
01000000000000b
00100100000000b
q)sum each x=\:y
1 1 2i
q)count each group y
q| 1
u| 1
a| 2
c| 1
k| 1
d| 3
o| 3
l| 1
e| 1
q)(count each group y)x
1 1 2
Count of x between endpoints (l,h)¶
q)x:66 8 6 4 86 82 91 52 53 89 43 0 62 3 17 0 26 80 2 12 37 41 41 72 10
q)l:10
q)h:80
q)sum(x>=l)&x<=h / inclusive range
14i
q)sum(x>l)&x<h / exclusive range
12i
The inclusivity of the range is determined by the operators used. It can be controlled by data instead.
q)r:l,h / range
q)sum(<)over x</:r+0 1 / inclusive
14i
q)sum(<)over x</:r+1 0 / exclusive
12i
For a matrix, first raze.
q)show y:5 5#x
66 8 6 4 86
82 91 52 53 89
43 0 62 3 17
0 26 80 2 12
37 41 41 72 10
q)sum(<)over raze[y]</:r+0 1 / inclusive
14i
q)sum(<)over raze[y]</:r+1 0 / exclusive
12i
For higher-rank arrays, raze more.
q)show z:5 2 5#x
66 8 6 4 86 82 91 52 53 89
43 0 62 3 17 0 26 80 2 12
37 41 41 72 10 66 8 6 4 86
82 91 52 53 89 43 0 62 3 17
0 26 80 2 12 37 41 41 72 10
q)sum(<)over raze/[z]</:r+0 1
28i
q)sum(<)over raze/[z]</:r+1 0
24i
Cyclic counter¶
Length x, repeating 1 through y
q)x:10
q)y:8
q)1+til x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
q)1+(1+til x)mod y
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3
Insert¶
Insert x in y after index g¶
q)x:1 2 3
q)y:10*1+til 7
q)y
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
q)g:3
q)((g+1)#y),x,(g+1)_ y
10 20 30 40 1 2 3 50 60 70
Or.
q)y[til g+1],x,(g+1)_y
10 20 30 40 1 2 3 50 60 70
q)raze((0,g+1)_y),'(x;())
10 20 30 40 1 2 3 50 60 70
q)(y,x)rank raze((g+1),(count x),count[y]-1+count x)#'1 2 1
10 20 30 40 1 2 3 50 60 70
Insert row x in matrix y after row g¶
q)y:4 3#1+til 12
q)y
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
q)x:13 14 15
q)g:2
q)a:y,enlist x
q)a
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
q)b:iasc(til count y),g
q)b
0 1 2 4 3
q)a[b]
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
13 14 15
10 11 12
q)(y,enlist x)[iasc(til count y),g]
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
13 14 15
10 11 12
Move x into first quadrant¶
q)sm:{x-min x}
q)show x:(1 6 4;3 4 7;7 8 6)
1 6 4
3 4 7
7 8 6
q)sm each x
0 5 3
0 1 4
1 2 0
Name variable according to x¶
q)test / not defined
'test
[0] test
^
q)`test set 42
`test
q)test
42
q)(`$"foo")set 43
`foo
q)foo
43
Random¶
Y items selected with replacement from til x¶
Roll.
q)y:3 5
q)x:7
q)y?x
6 2 1 2 2
4 4 6 3 0
6 3 4 5 1
q)3 5#7?7
5 1 2 1 2
0 3 5 1 2
1 2 0 3 5
Y objects selected without replacement from til x¶
Deal.
q)-6?8
5 7 3 2 0 4
Y-shaped array of numbers from x[0] to x[1]-1¶
q)x:4 9
q)y:3 4
q)y#first[x]+prd[y]?(-). reverse x
4 6 8 8
5 8 7 7
4 6 5 8
Randomize the random seed¶
q)\S
-314159
q)\S -1154371779
q)\S
-1154371779
Remove¶
Remove y from x¶
q)x:"abcdeabc"
q)y:"ad"
q)x where not x in y
"bcebc"
q)y:"a"
q)x where x<>y
"bcdebc"
q)y:"ae"
q)x except y
"bcdbc"
Remove every y-th item of x¶
q)x where 0<(1+tc x)mod 3
4 5 7 8 10 11 13
Remove every second item¶
q)x:"abcdefghijklmn"
q)x where(count x)#0 1
"bdfhjln"
q)x where 0=(1+tc x)mod 2
"bdfhjln"
Remove leading, multiple and trailing ys from x¶
q)x:0 0 1 2 0 0 3 4 0 5 0 0 0
q)y:0
q)a:x=y
q)b:not a&1 rotate a
q)b
0111011111000b
q)a
1100110010111b
q)x[where b]
0 1 2 0 3 4 0 5
q)a[0]_ x[where b]
1 2 0 3 4 0 5
Range; nub; remove duplicates¶
q)x:"wirlsisl"
q)distinct x
"wirls"
q)distinct (1 2 3;4 5;1 2 3;4 5;1 2 3)
1 2 3
4 5
Right to left scan¶
q)x:1 2 3 4 5
q)reverse sums reverse x
15 14 12 9 5
q)reverse(+\)reverse x
15 14 12 9 5
Generally, for any binary object y, reverse(y\)reverse x.
Select¶
Y where x is 0¶
q)x:0 7 8 0 2
q)y:10 4 6 7 3
q)x+y*x=0
10 7 8 7 2
q)?[x=0;y;x] / vector conditional
10 7 8 7 2
q)(0+x=0)'[x;y] / Case
10 7 8 7 2
Select from y according to sign of x¶
q)y:"-0+"
q)signum -4.5 0 6.78
-1 0 1i
q)y 1+signum -4.5 0 6.78
"-0+"
Select every y-th item of y¶
q)show x:4+til 10
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
q)y:3
q)til count x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
q)(1+tc x)mod 3
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
q)0=(1+tc x)mod 3
0010010010b
q)where 0=(1+tc x)mod 3
2 5 8
q)x where 0=(1+tc x)mod 3
6 9 12
Items of x divisible by y¶
q)x:95 33 64 10 78 1 47 20 92 95
q)y:4
q)x mod y
3 1 0 2 2 1 3 0 0 3
q)0=x mod y
0010000110b
q)where 0=x mod y
2 7 8
q)x where 0=x mod y
64 20 92
Select from g based on index of x in y¶
q)g
"William Shakespeare"
"John Milton"
"Jonathan Swift"
"Jane Austen"
"John Keats"
"Charles Dickens"
q)y:1564 1608 1667 1775 1795 1812
q)x:1775
q)g[y?x]
"Jane Austen"
Select x or y depending on g¶
q)x:`hot`white`short`old
q)y:`cold`black`tall`young
q)g:1 0 0 1
q)x,'y
hot cold
white black
short tall
old young
q)tc[g],'g
0 1
1 0
2 0
3 1
q)(x,'y)./:tc[g],'g
`cold`white`short`young
q)?["b"$g;y;x] / vector conditional
`cold`white`short`young
q)g'[x;y] / Case
`cold`white`short`young
Selection by encoded list¶
q)"abcdefgh"[2 sv 1 0 1]
"f"
q)"abcdefgh"[2 sv 0 0 0]
"a"
q)"abcdefgh"[2 sv 1 1 1]
"h"
q)"abcdefgh" 2 sv flip 3 3 #1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
"fah"
Shift¶
Drop first, suffix 0¶
q)x:3 4 5 6
q)1_ x,0
4 5 6 0
Drop last, prefix 0¶
q)x:3 4 5 6
q)-1 _ 0,x
0 3 4 5
Shift x right y, fill 0¶
q)x:1+til 12
q)y:3
q)@[(neg y) mod x; til y;:;0]
0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Or.
q)(y#0),neg[y]_x
0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Shift x left y, fill 0¶
q)x:1+til 12
q)y:3
q)@[y rotate x;((count x)-y)+til y;:;0]
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 0 0
Or.
q)(y _ x),y#0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 0 0
Rotate rows left¶
q)x:3 4#1+til 12
q)1 rotate 'x
2 3 4 1
6 7 8 5
10 11 12 9
Rotate rows right¶
q)x:3 4#1+til 12
q)-1 rotate 'x
4 1 2 3
8 5 6 7
12 9 10 11
Streak of numbers with same sign¶
q)n:2 3 4 -2 -7 1 4 2
q){1+(x;0)y}\[1;]differ signum n
1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3
Sum items of y by ordered codes g in x¶
q)(x;y)
e c b b b a c e e a e c c b e c b a e a
12 40 10 1 26 9 26 43 26 37 20 29 38 33 24 37 4 45 41 2
q)group x
e| 0 7 8 10 14 18
c| 1 6 11 12 15
b| 2 3 4 13 16
a| 5 9 17 19
q)g:"abcde"
q)group g,x
a| 0 10 14 22 24
b| 1 7 8 9 18 21
c| 2 6 11 16 17 20
d| ,3
e| 4 5 12 13 15 19 23
q)sum each ((count[g]#0),y)group g,x
a| 93
b| 74
c| 170
d| 0
e| 166
q)sum each ((count[g]#0),y)value group g,x
93 74 170 0 166