# `lower`, `upper`

_Shift case_
```syntax
lower x     lower[x]
upper x     upper[x]
```

Where `x` is a character or symbol atom or vector, returns it with any bicameral characters in the lower/upper case.
```q
q)lower"IBM"
"ibm"
q)lower`IBM
`ibm

q)upper"ibm"
"IBM"
q)upper`ibm`msft
`IBM`MSFT
```

## Implicit iteration

`lower` and `upper` are [atomic functions](../basics/atomic.md).
```q
q)upper(`The;(`quick`brown;(`fox;`jumps`over));`a;`lazy`dog)
`THE
(`QUICK`BROWN;(`FOX;`JUMPS`OVER))
`A
`LAZY`DOG
```

----

[Strings](../basics/by-topic.md#strings)