Connection handles¶
Kdb+ communicates with the console, stdout, stderr, file system, and other processes through connection handles.
There are three permanent system handles:
0 console
1 stdout
2 stderrFile and process handles are created by hopen and destroyed by hclose.
Write¶
Syntax:
h x
neg[h] xwhere h is a handle, writes x to its target as described below and returns itself.
A handle is an int atom but is variadic. Syntactically, it can be an int atom or a unary function.
q)1 / one is one
1
q)1 "abc\n" / or stdout
abc
1A handle is an applicable value. It (and its negation) can be applied to an argument and iterated.
Console¶
Where h is 0 and x is a string or parse tree, evaluates x in the main thread and returns the result.
q)0 "1 \"hello\"" /string
hello1
q)0 (+;2;2) /parse tree
4File, stdout, stderr¶
Where h is stdout, stderr, or a file handle
h xappends stringxto the fileneg[h] xwherexis a- string, appends
x,"\n" - list of strings, appends
x,'"\n"to the file.
- string, appends
q)a:1 "quick brown fox\n"
quick brown fox
q)a
1
q)a:-1 ("quick";"brown";"fox")
quick
brown
fox
q)a
-1
q)f:`:tmp.txt
q)hopen f
3i
q)3 "quick brown fox"
3
q)-3 ("quick";"brown";"fox")
-3
q)hclose 3
q)read0 f
"quick brown foxquick"
"brown"
"fox"
q)\ls data
ls: data: No such file or directory
'os
[0] \ls data
^
q)h:hopen `:data/new
q)h /handle is an integer
3i
q)type h /atom
-6h
q)h "now is the time" /but can be applied as a unary
3i
q)/and iterated
q)h each (" for all good men";" to come to the aid of the party")
3 3i
q)hclose h
q)read0 `:data/new /hopen created file path
"now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party"Process¶
h xsends stringxas a sync request (get)neg[h] xsends stringxas an async request (set)
Read¶
Console¶
Reading from the console with read0 permits interactive input.
q)s:{1 x;read0 0}"Next track: "
Next track: Bewlay Brothers
q)s
"Bewlay Brothers"